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In XX century about 30 scientists became the Nobel Prize laureates in physiology or medicine for works in immunology and related sister fields.
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| 1.2. THE NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES
IN IMMUNOLOGY |
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- 1901 E.A. Von Behring (Germany)
for the work on serum therapy especially its application against diphtheria.
- 1905 R. Koch (Germany)
for the investigations concerning tuberculosis.
- 1908 E. Metchnikoff (Russia) and P. Ehrlich(Germany) for their work on immunity (respectively, phagocytosis/cellular theory and humoral theory).
- 1913 C.R. Richet (France) for the work on anaphylaxis.
- 1919 J. Bordet (Belgium)
for the discoveries relating to immunity (complement).
- 1930 K. Landsteiner (Austria/USA) for the discovery of human blood groups.
- 1951 M. Theiler (South Africa)
for the discoveries and developments concerning yellow fever.
- 1957 D. Bovet (Italy/Switzerland)
for the discoveries related to histamine and compounds, which inhibit action of histamine and other substances on the vascular system and the skeleton muscles.
- 1960 Sir F.McFarlane Burnet (Australia) and Sir P.B. Medawar (Great Britain) for the discovery of acquired immunological tolerance.
- 1972 G.M. Edelman (USA) and R.R. Porter (Great Britain) for their discovery concerning the chemical structure of antibodies.
- 1977 R. Yalow (USA)
for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones.
- 1980 B. Benacerraf (USA), J. Dausset (France) and G.D. Snell (USA) for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface (major histocompatibility complex) that regulate immunological reactions.
- 1982 S. K. Bergstrom (Sweden), B. I. Samuelsson (Sweden) and J. R. Vane (UK) for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances.
- 1984 N.K. Jerne (Denmark/Switzerland)
for theories concerning the specificity in development (lymphocyte clonality) and control of the immune system;
+G.J.F. Köhler (Germany/Switzerland) and C. Milstein (Argentina/Great Britain) for the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies.
- 1987 S. Tonegawa (Japan/USA)
for the discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity.
- 1990 J.E. Murray and E.D. Thomas (USA)
for their discovery concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human diseases.
- 1996 P.C. Doherty (Australia/USA) and R.M. Zinkernagel (Switzerland) for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defense ("dual recognition").
- 1997 S.B. Prusiner (USA)
for the discovery of prions as a new biological principle of infection.
- 1999 G. Blobel (USA)
for discoveries concerning signal transduction.
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